Over the past two decades, competition laws (the term used overseas for antitrust laws) have been adopted by over 100 countries. This dramatic change has sparked debates over the appropriate substantive nature and procedural reach of competition law, as increasing numbers of business transactions have come within the reach of competition law enforcers. This seminar will explore efforts to promote convergence among substantive and procedural competition laws, with a reference to all major areas of competition law and policy, as well as issues that arise when different jurisdictions’ competition rules conflict.